How do they correct hypokalemia in paediatrics?
Transient, asymptomatic, or mild hypokalemia may spontaneously resolve or may be treated with enteral potassium supplements. Symptomatic or severe hypokalemia should be corrected with a solution of intravenous potassium.
How is potassium deficit calculated in children?
Kdeficit (in mmol) = (Knormal lower limit − Kmeasured) × kg body weight × 0.4. In this child, the calculated deficit would be (3.5 − 1.9) × 23 × 0.4, or 14.72 mmol.
When should potassium replacement be administered to children?
Replacement. Potassium replacement is indicated if: serum potassium <3.0 mmol/L or. serum potassium <3.5 mmol/L with symptoms/signs/ECG changes.
How do you replace KCl?
V. Management: Oral Potassium Replacement
- Give KCl 20 meq orally every 2 hours for 4 doses, then recheck level OR.
- Give KCl 40 meq orally every 2 hours for 2 doses, then recheck level.
- Typically continue Potassium Replacement at 20 meq twice daily for 4-5 days.
What causes low potassium in infants?
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. Hypokalemia can be caused by a prolonged inadequate intake of potassium, gastrointestinal losses, renal losses, and transcellular shifts or redistrubution. GI and renal losses are more common. Medications (diuretics) are the most common cause in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
What is the maximum recommended infusion rate for KCL?
In general, the rate of administration may be dependent on patient condition and specific institution policy. Some clinicians recommend that the maximum concentration for peripheral infusion is 10 mEq per 100 mL (Mount 2020). The maximum rate of administration for peripheral infusion is 10 mEq/hour (Kraft 2005).
How much does 20 mEq raise potassium?
Generally, 20 mEq/h of potassium chloride will increase serum potassium concentration by an average of 0.25 mEq/h, but this rate can be associated with ~2% incidence of mild hyperkalemia 23.
Can KCL be given in DNS?
Potassium Chloride in 5% Dextrose and Sodium Chloride (potassium chloride in 5% dextrose and sodium chloride injection) Injection, USP should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with hyperkalemia, severe renal failure, and in conditions in which potassium retention is present.
How much does 10 mEq IV raise potassium?
We found that for every 10 mEq of potassium administered, overall there was a mean increase in serum potassium of 0.13 mEq/L. Intravenous potassium increased the serum potassium levels a little more than oral potassium (0.14 per 10 mEq versus 0.12 per 10 mEq administered, respectively).
How often should I take KCl 40 for potassium replacement?
Give KCl 40 meq orally every 2 hours for 2 doses, then recheck level. Typically continue Potassium Replacement at 20 meq twice daily for 4-5 days. Serum Potassium: 3.0 to 3.5 mEq/L (total body deficit 100-200 meq) Give KCl 20 mEq orally every 2 hours for 2 doses OR KCl 40 mEq once, then recheck level.
What are the exclusions for electrolyte replacement?
Guidelines for Electrolyte Replacement EXCLUSIONS: Patients with the following: hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis, acute kidney injury (AKI), creatinine clearance <30mL/min, chronic adrenal insufficiency, electrical burns, rhabdomyolysis, DKA, crush injury, hypothermia, or have active transfer orders out of the ICU/Step Down Unit
What should the Central line concentration of KCl be?
Peripheral Line Concentration = 0.1mEq/mL; Central Line Concentration = 0.2mEq/mL Watch IV site for signs of irritation or phlebitis. KCl oral supplementation will be diluted by pharmacy to a concentration of 1mEq/mL Give oral doses with the nearest feed.
Where does pediatric fluid and electrolyte therapy take place?
PMCID: PMC3460795 PMID: 23055905 Pediatric Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy Rachel S. Meyers, PharmD Rachel S. Meyers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Piscataway, New Jersey