How is wettability calculated?

Wettability is determined in three ways:

  1. Measurement of the contact angle, or the product of the contact angle and the interfacial tension (the last term in Young’s equation)
  2. Measurement of the relative amounts of oil and water displaced under similar conditions.

What is Wenzel equation?

Wenzel’s statement can be described by: cosΘm = rcosΘY. where Θm is the measured contact angle, ΘY is Young’s contact angle and r is the roughness ratio. Roughness ratio is defined as the ratio between the actual and projected solid surface area (r=1 for a smooth surface and > 1 for a rough surface).

What is wetting coefficient?

The spreading coefficient or parameter is a measure of the tendency of a liquid phase to spread (complete wetting) on a second, liquid or solid phase.

What is Youngs equation?

Young’s equation is defined as: σsg = σsl + σlg ⋅ cosθ Where: σsg = the surface free energy of the solid. σsl = the interfacial tension between the liquid and the solid.

What causes wettability?

Adhesive and cohesive forces between the solid and the liquid determine the wettability. Cohesive forces affect in between the same type of molecules. In a liquid or solid, the molecules are pulled towards each other because of the cohesion between the molecules. Adhesion is the interaction between unlike molecules.

How do you increase wettability?

A surface can be wetted by a liquid if its surface energy is greater than the surface tension of the liquid. Plasma technology offers a wide range of possibilities for increasing the wettability: With all substrates, the prerequisite for wettability is removing all layers of grease, wax, and oil.

What does poor wettability mean?

Poor wettability leads to variations in the surface wetting and water contact angle. Cause: Surface contamination. Surface segregation e.g. bulk-to-surface migration of additive(s) Improper surface modification e.g. using corona, plasma or chemical treatments.

How do you derive Young’s equation?

3.2. Derivation of Young’s equation

  1. G(h, h’, r)= a∫0[2πrγ⋅√1+(dhdr)2 +U(r,h)+[2πr(γSL− γSO)]]dr E25.
  2. V0=a∫02πr⋅[h(r)]dr E26.
  3. ˜G(h,h′,r)=2πγr√1+h′2 +U(r,h)+2πr(γSL− γSO)+ 2πβrh E28.

What is water wettability?

Wettability is defined as the tendency of one fluid to spread on or adhere to a solid surface in the presence of other immiscible fluids. The concept of wettability is illustrated in Figure 4-1. Small drops of three liquids—mercury, oil, and water—are placed on a clean glass plate.

Is wettability Good or bad?

Wettability can be measured through contact angle When the contact angle is above 90° the wettability is bad, when it is below 90° the wettability is good. When water is used as a measuring liquid, the surface is called hydrophobic when the contact angle is above 90° and hydrophilic when it is below the same value.

What is the formula for fringe width?

The distance between any two consecutive dark or bright fringes and all the fringes are of equal lengths. Fringe width is given by, β = D/dλ.

What is poor wettability?

Poor wettability leads to variations in the surface wetting and water contact angle. Cause: Surface contamination. Improper surface modification e.g. using corona, plasma or chemical treatments. Surface topography.

Who is the inventor of the wettability equation?

Physically, wettability represents a balance of forces that occur at the interface between three phases, one of which is a solid. The equation describing this balance was first developed by Young in 1805.

How is the wettability of a surface determined?

In summary, wettability depends on surface chemical compositions and topographic structures, and the cooperation between the two factors is crucial to realize special wettability such as superhydrophobicity and anti-adhesion properties. Mihir Kumar Purkait, Randeep Singh, in Interface Science and Technology, 2018

How is the wettability of an adhesive measured?

Wettability of adhesives with the wood surface is typically measured using contact angle analysis. Proper wetting of the adhesive on the wood surface is of prime importance in creating an adequate adhesive bond. By the proper choice of wetting liquids, the surface tension characteristics of wood can also be determined.

Which is the best method for measuring wettability?

Two procedures most commonly used are the Amott and the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) method. The Amott method uses four basic measurements: Amount of brine forcibly imbibed. For spontaneous processes, the sample is submerged in the fluid to be imbibed and the displaced volume of nonimbibed fluid is measured.