What are hydrocarbon degrading microbes?
Recent studies have identified bacteria from more than 79 genera that are capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons (Tremblay et al., 2017); several of these bacteria such as Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Alkanindiges, Alteromonas, Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Dietzia, Enterobacter, Kocuria, Marinobacter.
What is the benefit of a microorganism that can degrade hydrocarbons?
Microbial degradation process aids the elimination of spilled oil from the environment after critical removal of large amounts of the oil by various physical and chemical methods. This is possible because microorganisms have enzyme systems to degrade and utilize different hydrocarbons as a source of carbon and energy.
Can microbes degrade hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are degraded primarily by bacteria and fungi. Adaptation is brought about by selective enrichment of hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms and amplification of the pool of hydrocarbon-catabolizing genes. The latter phenomenon can now be monitored through the use of DNA probes.
What is hydrocarbon degradation?
Aerobic Degradation. Hydrocarbons are readily degraded under aerobic conditions. Bacteria, fungi, and algae are all capable of aerobic hydrocarbon degradation. Reported degradation rates vary considerably because hydrocarbon composition depends on the source of the petroleum and age of the spill.
How can we prevent hydrocarbon pollution?
The remediation of hydrocarbon polluted wastewater can be achieved by three methods, which are phytoremediation, bioremediation and chemical remediation. Phytoremediation entails the use of plants to reduce the volume, mobility and toxicity of contaminants in soil and water.
What are hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria?
Five hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial species were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Comamonas testosteroni and Chryseobacterium cucumeris while five hydrocarbon utilizing fungal species were identified as Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium brocae, Fusarium …
What are the 2 types of biodegradation?
There are 2 main types of biodegradable plastics: oxo-biodegradable and hydro-biodegradable. In terms of breakdown, both will first undergo chemical degradation, the former by oxidation and the latter by hydrolysis, resulting in physical disintegration of the plastics and a drastic reduction in molecular weights.
Which organism is capable of hydrocarbons?
Common aerobic hydrocarbon-utilizing organisms are found among fungi and bacteria. These microorganisms are capable of metabolizing virtually all naturally formed and a wide range of industrially produced hydrocarbons.
What are the major source of hydrocarbon?
The main source of hydrocarbons is crude oil. There are many hydrocarbons. They can be classified into two main classes: aliphatic and the aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are composed of catenated carbon chain.
What causes hydrocarbon pollution?
Contaminated lands, oil spillage, pesticides, automobile oils, and urban stormwater discharges are the major causes for the hydrocarbon contamination. Oil spill is one of the major sources of hydrocarbon contamination.
What are the 3 methods of biodegradation?
Mechanisms. The process of biodegradation can be divided into three stages: biodeterioration, biofragmentation, and assimilation. Biodeterioration is sometimes described as a surface-level degradation that modifies the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the material.
What is biodegradation example?
Basically, organic (carbon-based) material is changed through chemical processes from complex molecules into simpler molecules, eventually returning the molecules into the environment. For example, a banana peel can be reduced from cellulose to water, carbon dioxide gas, and humus in a compost pile.
How are endophytic bacteria used in hydrocarbon degradation?
Endophytic bacteria isolated from Chelidonium majus L. exhibit potential for hydrocarbons degradation and biosurfactant production. These properties provide promising perspectives for application of biosurfactants as potential agents for bioremediation of environment contaminated with hydrocarbons.
Why are microorganisms important to the degradation of petroleum?
These phenomena suggest that these microorganisms are crucial to the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, and that they significantly influence the transformation and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment.
What kind of bacteria is used to degrade oil?
Tao et al. (2017) utilized a defined co-culture of an indigenous bacterial consortium and exogenous Bacillus subtilis to effectively accelerate the degradation of crude oil.
How are biosurfactant production and hydrocarbon degradation assessed?
Emulsifying activity and degradation potential of tested strains were assessed by cultivation of isolates in the presence of diesel oil and waste engine oil. Ten bacterial strain were isolated. Analysis of emulsifying activity revealed that all isolates possessed the ability for biosurfactant production.