What does a high alpha-2-macroglobulin mean?
Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (A2Macro) Elevated levels are seen in clinical conditions such as cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, severe burns and diabetes. Decreased levels are seen in pancreatitis, fibrinolysis, and liver disease.
What is the use of alpha-2-macroglobulin in tissue culture?
Alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) and related proteins share the function of binding host or foreign peptides and particles, thereby serving as humoral defense barriers against pathogens in the plasma and tissues of vertebrates.
In which disease state is alpha-2-macroglobulin increased?
Increased levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin are found in nephrotic syndrome when other lower molecular weight proteins are lost and alpha-2-macroglobulin is retained because of its large size. In patients with liver cirrhosis and diabetes, the levels are found to be elevated.
What is low alpha2 macroglobulin?
Disease. alpha-2-Macroglobulin levels are increased when the serum albumin levels are low, which is most commonly seen in nephrotic syndrome, a condition wherein the kidneys start to leak out some of the smaller blood proteins. Because of its size, alpha-2-macroglobulin is retained in the bloodstream.
What causes high alpha-2 globulin?
Alpha2 macroglobulin levels may be raised in nephrotic syndrome and haptoglobin levels are increased in stress, infection, inflammation, and tissue necrosis. Haptoglobin levels may be decreased in haemolytic conditions.
What is Alpha-2 in blood test?
Alpha-2 globulins: This class of protein has many functions in the body and is involved in inflammation. Beta globulins: These proteins move substances, support immunity, and increase in number in multiple myeloma and conditions like high cholesterol and atherosclerosis.
Why is my Alpha 2 high?
Increased alpha-2 globulin proteins may indicate a: Acute inflammation. Chronic inflammation.
What do Alpha globulins do?
Alpha globulins are a group of globular proteins in plasma that are highly mobile in alkaline or electrically charged solutions. They inhibit certain blood proteases and show significant inhibitor activity. The alpha globulins typically have molecular weights of around 93 kDa.
What are the symptoms of high globulin?
Investigating the cause of a raised globulin level
- Bone pain (myeloma).
- Night sweats (lymphoproliferative disorders).
- Weight loss (cancers).
- Breathlessness, fatigue (anaemia).
- Unexplained bleeding (lymphoproliferative disorders).
- Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (amyloidosis).
- Fever (infections).
Can high globulin be treated?
Since hypergammaglobulinemia is caused by other conditions, there aren’t many direct treatment options available. But you can improve or cure this condition by treating other underlying infections, immune disorders, and diseases. One uncommon treatment for this condition is immunoglobulin replacement therapy.
What are the symptoms of high protein in blood?
Symptoms of high protein levels can include:
- pain in your bones.
- numbness or tingling in your hands, feet, or legs.
- loss of appetite.
- weight loss.
- excessive thirst.
- frequent infections.
What causes high alpha 2 globulin?
Where does alpha 2 macroglobulin come from in the body?
Alpha-2-Macroglobulin is a large plasma protein which despite being majorly produced by the liver, is also locally produced by macrophages, adrenocortical cells and fibroblasts. It is encoded by the A2M gene in humans. It is an important constituent of the blood.
What is the prognosis for Alpha 2 macroglobulin?
Acute myocardial infarction patients with low alpha-2-macroglobulin have been reported to have a significantly better prognosis with regard to the greater than a year survival time. Describes reference intervals and additional information for interpretation of test results.
What makes up Alpha 2 globulin in serum?
Alpha-2-Globulin, Serum. Optimal Result: 0.4 – 1 g/dL. Protein in the serum is made up of albumin (∼ 60%) and globulin. Globulins are divided into alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and gamma globulins. Globulins are made in your liver by your immune system. They play an important role in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infection.
What causes low alpha 2 macroglobulin levels after surgery?
Patients with acute pancreatitis have low serum concentrations which correlate directly with the severity of the disease. In cases of severe hepatic insufficiency or hyperfibrinolysis or after a major surgery or in septicemia, the measured levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin are often low.