What does TGF-alpha do?
TGF-α is a transforming growth factor that is a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor, which activates a signaling pathway for cell proliferation, differentiation and development. This protein may act as either a transmembrane-bound ligand or a soluble ligand.
What cells produce TGF-alpha?
It seems very likely that TGF-alpha is a major growth factor secreted by cells of epithelial origin. Zena Werb’s and Russell Ross’s groups have shown that activated macrophages make TGF-alpha. We have shown that brain makes TGF-alpha and Jeff Kudlow has found TGF-alpha made in the pituitary.
Is TGF-alpha inflammatory?
Monocytes and neutrophils are important effector cells in inflammatory reactions. The present finding that these cells contain TGF-alpha might explain complications such as fibrosis and neoplastic transformation, caused by chronic inflammation.
What is the difference between TGF-alpha and beta?
In general TGF-alpha promotes cell proliferation while TGF-beta may stimulate or inhibit proliferation depending on the cell type and growth factor environment.
What does TGF mean?
Acronym. Definition. TGF. Transforming Growth Factor (also seen as TGFc)
What do you mean by growth factor?
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing, and occasionally cellular differentiation. Usually it is a secreted protein or a steroid hormone. Growth factors typically act as signaling molecules between cells.
Is TGF beta a transcription factor?
Recent studies of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling have identified a signaling pathway that includes Ser/Thr kinase transmembrane receptors, intracellular substrates and transducers of receptor activation known as Smads, and DNA-binding transcription factors that are regulated by interaction with …
Is TGF beta a cytokine?
TGF-beta (Transforming growth factor beta / TGF-β) is a type of cytokine that controls proliferation, cellular differentiation, and other functions in most cells. TGF-beta, is a factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues.
Where does fibroblast growth factor come from?
Acidic FGF (FGF1) and basic FGF (FGF2) were originally isolated from the brain and pituitary gland as growth factors for fibroblasts. Since then, at least 22 distinct FGFs have been identified or isolated. FGFs have been found in both vertebrates and invertebrates.
What causes high TGF beta?
What does it mean if your TGF-b1 result is too high? – TGF B-1 is often chronically over-expressed in disease states, including cancer, fibrosis and inflammation. – TGF B-1 is moderately to extremely high in Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome due to water-damaged buildings (CIRS).
Is TGFB a cytokine?
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine with potent regulatory and inflammatory activity [1,2]. The multi-faceted effects of TGF-β on numerous immune functions are cellular and environmental context dependent [3].
How did Jay meet Romell?
History. The group was formed in 2012 when Jay Swingler tweeted out who would want to make videos with him and his friend Romell replied saying “I’m on it”.
What kind of disease is elevated TGF alpha associated with?
Elevated TGF-α is associated with Menetrier’s disease, a precancerous condition of the stomach. TGF alpha has been shown to interact with GORASP1 and GORASP2. ^ “Human PubMed Reference:”.
How is TGF-α related to epithelial development?
TGF-α induces epithelial development. Considering that TGF-α is a member of the EGF family, the biological actions of TGF-α and EGF are similar. For instance, TGF-α and EGF bind to the same receptor. When TGF-α binds to EGFR it can initiate multiple cell proliferation events.
Which is transforming growth factor alpha ( TGFA ) gene?
Transforming growth factor alpha ( TGF-α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFA gene. As a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, TGF-α is a mitogenic polypeptide. The protein becomes activated when binding to receptors capable of protein kinase activity for cellular signaling. TGF-α is…
Which is the smallest form of TGF alpha?
The precursor is composed of an extracellular domain containing a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, 50 amino acids of TGF-α, and a 35-residue-long cytoplasmic domain. In its smallest form, TGF-α has six cysteines linked together via three disulfide bridges.
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